Ipaki yeSizwe yaseSaadani

IMBALI NENKCUBEKO       

Ilali yaseSaadani yayikhe yayindawo ebalulekileyo yedolophu kunye neziko lokurhweba ngamakhoboka empuma Afrika. Ngoku yilali encinci yaseSwahili ekulotywa kuyo enabemi abamalunga nama-800 abaphila ngokuloba. Ezinye iilali ezimelene nale paki ziphila ngokulima, ngakumbi ukulinywa kwekhokhonathi.

Emva kwamaxesha olawulo lwamaPhuthukezi nama-Arabhu, lo mmandla uye wafumana ukubaluleka kwenkulungwane ye-18 neye-19 emva kokunyuka kwemfuno yamazwe ngamazwe yophondo lwendlovu kunye namakhoboka. Eyona lali yaseSaadani yavela kunye needolophu ezifana neBagamoyo kunye nePangani njengamaziko amatsha orhwebo adibanisa iZanzibar kunye neendlela zorhwebo olude olusuka eTabora. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19, u-Bwana Heri bin Juma wayelawula eSaadani. Ngokwesithethe somlomo ungumseki wentsomi-iqhawe lelali njengoko wayexhathisa zonke iinzame zamaZanzibar zokuthimba idolophu kwaye woyisa imikhosi yesultan ngo-1882. Ngo-1886 imida yokhuselo lwaseJamani yasekwa. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, abantu baselunxwemeni baququzelela ukuchasana namaJamani phantsi kobunkokeli obudibeneyo buka-Abushiri bin Salim al Harth kunye no-Bwana Heri. Ngomhla wesi-6 kuJuni 1889 iSaadani yaqhushumba yaza yathathwa ngamaJamani. U-Bwana Heri ethathwa ngamaJamani njengotshaba olubekekileyo, waxelelwa ukuba akhe kwakhona iSaadani.

Urhwebo lwekharavani yaseSaadani kunye neBagamoyo yehla ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 ngelixa iDar-es-salaam iye yaphakama yaba lelona ziko lorhwebo libalulekileyo kummandla wonxweme. Imveliso yorhwebo ngaselunxwemeni, efana nerayisi, iswekile kunye necopra, ezathunyelwa eZanzibar nakuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya, zanyamalala emva kohlaselo lwaseJamani. Ezi zaye zathatyathelw’ indawo zizivuno zemali ezifana nekofu, umqhaphu kunye nesisal kwimarike yaseYurophu. Ukulandela ukudluliselwa kokhuselo kwiBhritane emva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala yesisal, i-kapok, iindawo zecashew kunye neefama zeenkomo zasekwa kwindawo yaseSaadani. Amabhodlo ezindlu zamatye asabubungqina bemeko yangaphambili yokuchuma.

I-boma endala yaseJamani (indlu karhulumente) kunye namangcwaba aliqela asafumaneka eSaadani.

I-SAVANNAH

Isavannah efumileyo yeSaadani National Park inokohlulwa ibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphawuleka lula: isavanna enengca ende enokhuselo lwengca ekhula ukuya kutsho kwi-2m kunye nemithi yesundu ethe saa, amadlelo anengca emfutshane ubukhulu becala ebekwe kwindawo eyayifudula ilisime kuyo isisal kunye namathafa omqhaphu omnyama apho umhlaba wodongwe udala iimeko ezinzima kakhulu.

Amanqanaba ahlukeneyo okugquma komthi anokwahlulwa: eqhelekileyo kwiSaadani yiAcacia Zanzibarica enemiqolo yayo emide, egubungela iindawo ezinkulu zepaki. Abahlali beesavanna zengca ende ziinyathi ezinobunzima obuya kutsho kuma-850kg kwaye nemihlambi emininzi yeempungutye inokubonwa isitya eSaadan National Park.

I-waterbuck eqhelekileyo ivela kuyo yonke indawo yepaki. Zinobunzima obufikelela kuma 270kg la madlelo angabonwa lula ngeringi emhlophe ejikeleze imisila yawo. Ubuninzi beereedbucks buphezulu kakhulu eSaadani National Park, nangona le antelope iphakathi (45kg) kunokuba nzima ukuyibona kwingca ende apho ilala khona ukuze ikhuseleke. IiWarthogs zikho kuyo yonke indawo kwaye zide zingene kwilali yaseSaadani. Njengoko uninzi lwabemi baloo lali ingamaSilamsi, iiwarthogs ziye zafunda ukuba aziyi kwenzakaliswa.

Izilwanyana ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni kunye nophawu lwesizwe saseTanzania, iindlulamthi, zininzi kwiSaadani National Park. Iilwimi zazo zineepleyiti ezikhethekileyo ezizenza zilungele ukutya imithi ye-acacia eneengqukuva. Imihlambi emikhulu yeenkonde ezimhlophe zitya kwiintlambo ezimfutshane zengca. Zakhululwa kuloo ndawo ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Ezinye iintlobo ezaziswayo zii-zebra kunye nee-eland.

Ingonyama, eyona inkulu kwiinyamakazi zaseAfrika, ikwafumaneka naseSaadani nangona ingafane ibonwe. Ebusuku usenokuva iingcuka kwaye udibane nofuzo, iincanda kunye neecivet. Ezinye iintlobo ezinokuthi ziqwalaselwe ngaphakathi komjikelezo wepaki zii bushbucks, iihagu zasehlathini, iimfene ezityheli kunye neenkawu zevervet.

 

UMLAMBO NOLWANDLE

Ukusuka eMpuma ukuya eNtshona, ulwandle oluvulekileyo oluneingqaqa zekorale lutshintsha lube kwi-ecosystem yamanzi anebrackish ephawulwa ngamahlathi e-mangrove, iipani zetyuwa kunye neendawo ezingenanto zetyuwa. Ngaphezulu emhlabeni, uMlambo iWami ngowona mthombo wamanzi acocekileyo ubalulekileyo ecaleni kwemilambo namadama exeshana.

Xa umsinga osezantsi ulwandle luhlehla ukuya kuthi ga kwi-100 yeemitha ukwenza indlela efanelekileyo yabantu basekuhlaleni kunye nezilwanyana zasendle. Ezi lwandle kuphela kwendawo emantla eDar-es-salaam apho amafudo olwandle asaza kuzalela amaqanda awo. Eyona ntlobo ixhaphakileyo yi-turtle eluhlaza, enkulu kunazo zonke ze-hard-shelled sea turtles. Ngaphandle kwamasela ezindlwane elunxwemeni, ufudo lusemngciphekweni ngakumbi kushishino lokuloba kunye nongcoliseko lwamanzi. Ulwandiso lwaselwandle lwale paki luquka iinduli zesanti zaseMafui, ezineeqaqa ezimibalabala zekorale eziyindawo ebalulekileyo yokuzalela iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi.

Imithi ye<em>evergreen ye<em>mangrove ikhula kwindawo yentengiselwano, ngaphezu nje komphakamo wamanzi olwandle. La mahlathi ashinyeneyo anetyuwa anika indawo yokuphumla neyokutya kwiintlobo ezininzi zeentaka, amalulwane, iinkawu, iimvubu nezirhubuluzi. Iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi ezifana neeprawn nazo zibeka amaqanda kuzo kwezi ndawo zokuhlala zikhuselweyo.
Imfuno ephezulu yokumelana nemithi ye-mangrove ikhokelela ekuxhatshazweni ngokugqithiseleyo, okwenza ukukhuselwa kwala mahlathi kubaluleke ngakumbi. KwiPaki yeSizwe yase-Saadani, ihlathi elikhulu le-mangrove likhula ecaleni koMlambo i-Wami. Le ikwayindawo ekunokubonwa kuyo amaqela amakhulu eemvubu. Ingwenya yomNayile nayo ihlala apha. Umlambo i-Wami yeyona ndawo ilungileyo yokubukela iintaka ezifana nee-kingfisher, amaxhalanga eentlanzi kunye neentlobo ezininzi zeentaka ezibhabhayo.

UKUQULA KUNYE NEZITHAKANYA

Ihlathi elingaselunxwemeni elaziwa kakhulu liphawulwa ziintlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi ezifumaneka kuphela kule ndawo (endmics).
Ihlathi linendima ebalulekileyo ekukhuseleni umhlaba kukhukuliseko yaye ngaloo ndlela lilawula umjikelo wamanzi. Ngaphandle kwamahlathi amabini amakhulu aseZaraninge naseKwamsisi, uninzi lwamabala amancinci amahlathi namatyholo amele indawo yokuhlala ebalulekileyo yezilwanyana. La mahlathi kunye namatyholo asesichengeni sokugawulwa kwemithi ngokungekho mthethweni, imveliso yamalahle kunye nokwandiswa kweefama.

ESaadani, iindlovu zineentloni kwaye zihlala zizimela emini kwiindawo ezinemithi epakini. Iingwe zikwafumaneka kumatyholo ashinyeneyo kunye nemithi (amatyholo). Ezi zilwanyana azifane zibonwe, ubukhulu becala zihamba ebusuku kwaye zihlala kufutshane nabantu. Ezinye izilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo enemithi ziinyamakazi ezinkulu ezifana ne-suni kunye ne-duiker. Izithsaba zemithi zihlala kwiinkawu ze-colubus eziphila kakhulu ngamagqabi, iintsana zasehlathini ezihlala ebusuku kunye neendidi ezininzi zeentaka ezitya iziqhamo, izinambuzane kunye namabhabhathane.

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IMISEBENZI YOKHENKETHO

• I-Boat safari kwi-delta yoMlambo waseWami kunye nolwandle, izityalo ze-mangrove, iintaka ezithanda amanzi, iiMvubu kunye nengwenya yeNayile.
• Ndwendwela indawo yokuzalela ufudo oluluhlaza kwindawo yaseMadete.
• Ukutyelela iMafui sand bank Island evula emini kwaye ivalwe ngokuhlwa, unxweme lwesanti apho uhamba khona kwimiqolomba ngeentlanzi ezinemibala kunye nofudo oluluhlaza. Indawo apho isidlo sasemini kunye nokuhlamba ilanga kunokunika ukuphumla okuphezulu.
• Ukuhamba ngesafari kwiindlela zendalo zaseSaadani kukusondeza kwindalo.
• Ukuqhuba umdlalo wosuku.
• Ukuqhuba umdlalo ebusuku ukuze ubone izilwanyana zasebusuku
• Relax elunxwemeni olucocekileyo kumanxweme aseBagamoyo naseTanga, apho umntu angabona khona ukuphuma kwelanga.

UTSALO LWEZOTYELELO:

• Ulwandle olucocekileyo kunye noLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya.
• Ubuninzi bezilwanyana zasendle ezincancisayo ezifana ne-waterbuck, indlulamthi, i-warthog, imfene etyheli, i-hartebeest, i-wildebeest, i-zebra, indlovu kunye nengonyama.
• Indawo yokuzalela iifudo eziluhlaza.
• Umlambo iWami.
• Ihlathi laseZaraninge elunxwemeni.
• Iintlobo zeentaka ezingaphezu kwama-220 kuquka neentaka ezifudukayo.
• Iintsalela zembali.
• Inkcubeko yesiSwahili.

UKUFIKELELA KWIPAKI

Ngendlela

Ipaki yeSizwe yaseSaadani ikwiikhilomitha ezingama-44 ukusuka eMantla edolophu yaseBagamoyo. Le paki inokufikelelwa lula ngoMlambo iWami ukusuka eBagamoyo.

Ipaki ingafikelelwa nge-271km ngemoto ukusuka eDar-es-salaam ukuya kwilali yaseMandela udlula kwidolophu yaseChalinze. Ukusuka eMandela ngemoto kwindlela embi ye-61km ukuya kwisango lokungena epakini yaseSaadani.

Ibhasi kawonke-wonke yemihla ngemihla isuka eDar-es-salaam / Bagamoyo kunye nelali yaseSaadani ukuya kwisiXeko saseTanga kunye nelali yaseMkwaja.

Ngaphaya koko umntu unokufika e-Saadani esuka e-Arusha-Moshi-Segera-Tanga-Pangani OKANYE i-Arusha-Moshi-Segera- Kwamsisi-Mandela emalunga ne-561 Km.

Ukusuka kwisixeko saseTanga umntu angafika eSaadani ngokuqhuba imoto aze awele uMlambo iPangani ngesikhephe sikawonke-wonke. Kuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-3 ngemoto (130Km) kwindlela embi eya kwisango lokungena ePark.

Ngomoya

Iinqwelomoya (iinqwelomoya ezincinci) zingalungiselelwa ukuya e-Mkwaja okanye e-Saadani ukusuka nakweyiphi na indawo yelizwe efana ne-Arusha, i-Zanzibar, i-Mwanza, i-Manyara, i-Dar-es-salaam njl.njl.
Isiqithi saseZanzibar sikumgama weekhilomitha ezingama-40 ukusuka epakini, kuthatha malunga nemizuzu eli-14 ukundiza ukusuka eZanizbar ukuya eSaadani Airstrip. 

NgaManzi

Umntu unokufikelela eSaadani ngesikhephe esivela eDar-es-salaam, eTanga, ePangani, eBagamoyo naseZanzibar

PHAWULA; Ngexesha lemvula (ngoMatshi-Aprili), iindlela ezinodaka zinokwenza kube nzima kakhulu ukuhamba kwiindawo ezisemazantsi epaki. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba ubuze ngemeko yendlela ngaphambi kokuba uhambe.

Ixesha elifanelekileyo lokutyelela iPaki:

Kuyacetyiswa ukuba utyelele ipaki ngamaxesha emvula. Nangona kunjalo, le paki inezinto ezininzi ezikhangayo unyaka wonke. Ukususela ngoJulayi ukuya ku-Okthobha lelona xesha lilungileyo lokubukela iiflamingo kwiimbiza zetyuwa.

UKUFUMANA

Ipaki inika iintlobo ngeentlobo zeendawo zokuhlala kunye nezibonelelo zazo kubemi kunye nabangengabo abemi abatyelela ipaki.

• Indlu yokuphumla kufutshane nolwandle, kunye negumbi lokuhlala elinefenitshala, igumbi lokulala elikhulu, amagumbi amathathu angatshatanga kunye nekhitshi elixhotyiswe ngokupheleleyo.
• uBandaz ezikwindawo eselunxwemeni lolwandle, nganye inamagumbi amabini aneebhedi ezine kunye

amagumbi odwa abantu abatshatileyo kunye nendawo yokutyela nekhitshi engaphandle exhotyiswe ngegesi yokupheka, i-deep freezer kunye nezixhobo.
Ezi zibonelelo zinika abantu abakhempisha ithuba lokulala kwiindawo zokukhempisha ngokuphosa ibhola
iintente kwindawo yekampu kawonke-wonke ekwinxweme lolwandle lwaseSaadani,

• Iindawo ezikhethekileyo zokukhempishaIndawo yokukhempisha yaseKiwandi ekwihlathi laseZaraninge, indawo yokukhempisha yaseKinyonga ekufutshane nomlambo iWami kunye nendawo yokukhempisha yaseTengwe ekwindawo yasentlango.

Iindwendwe ziyacetyiswa ukuba zize nokutya kwazo ezinokukupheka zisebenzisa izixhobo zepaki.
Kukho ezinye iindawo zokuhlala zabucala ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwepaki kuquka iSanctuary Saadani Safari Lodge, iSaadani River Lodge, iKISAMPA, iSaadani Park Hotel, iTembo Kijani Lodge kunye neTent with A View Lodge. Nceda undwendwele iiwebhusayithi zabo ukuze ufumane ulwazi oluthe kratya.

IMITHETHO NEMIGAQO YEPAKI

Ngenxa yemeko eselunxwemeni lwaseTanzania kunye nomdla omninzi ongqubanayo kuphuhliso lwale ndawo. Ipaki yeSizwe yaseSaadani ijongene nezisongelo ezininzi ekusindeni kwayo. Ezona zimbi kakhulu kukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nemfuno yomhlaba eyandayo yokondla uluntu olukhulu nolukhulayo olujikeleze ipaki. Indlela oziphethe ngayo inokuba yingozi njengemigibe yokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni.

Ukuqhuba ngaphandle kwendlela apho kungavumelekanga konakalisa umhlaba obuthathaka kunye nezityalo zezi ndawo zibuthathaka kwaye kunokuphazamisa iintlobo ngeentlobo ngexesha lokuzala okubalulekileyo. Unganceda ekulondolozeni iSaadani National Park kunye nobuntu bayo obukhethekileyo ngokuhlonipha imithetho nemigaqo yethu ngokubanzi apha ngezantsi:

1. Gcina isantya esilinganiselweyo se-50kph. Oku kungenxa yokhuseleko lwakho kunye nokhuseleko lwezilwanyana zasendle.
2. Akuvumelekanga ukuqhuba ebusuku (7pm to 6am).
3. Hlala kwiindlela/kwiindlela ezimiselweyo.
4. Musa ukuxhaphaza, ukondla okanye ukuphazamisa izilwanyana zasendle.
5. Musa ukuphuma/ ukuma/ ukuxhoma imoto kufutshane naso nasiphi na isilwanyana.
6. IiGreen Turtles zisengozini yokuphela kwaye iindawo zokuzalela zinqongophele. Musa ukuphazamisa ezindala, amantshontsho okanye iindlwane elunxwemeni.
7. Ii-coral reefs ziindawo ezibuthathaka kakhulu kwizilwanyana zaselwandle. Musa ukuphuka okanye ukuhamba phezu kwee-corals ezibuthathaka.
8. Shiya zonke izityalo, izilwanyana, iintloko zamathambo, amathambo, amatye, okanye nantoni na epakini apho zifanele zibe khona.
9. Musa ukuzisa nasiphi na isilwanyana, izityalo kunye/okanye nantoni na epakini.
10. Ipikiniki kwiindawo ezigunyazisiweyo.
11. Musa ukushiya nayiphi na inkunkuma: yiphathe okanye uyilahle ngendlela efanelekileyo.
12. Cima iicuba kwisitya somlotha semoto yakho ukuze uphephe umlilo wehlathi.
13. Musa ukuqala umlilo ngaphandle kokuba ukwiinkampu ezigunyazisiweyo.
14. Khumbula ukuba amasango epaki avula ngo-6am aze avale ngo-6pm.
15. Ungena epakini ngomngcipheko wakho

Abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi beSaadani National Park bayakwamkela kwaye bakunqwenelela ukuhlala kamnandi.

Links

www.saadanipark.org